Prevention of dementia is the attempt to avoid developing dementia. Although no cure for dementia is available, there are many ways to decrease the risk of acquiring dementia in the first place, including both lifestyle changes and medication.
Mental activity
"Use it or Lose it" might be applied to the brain when it comes to dementia. Intellectual activities help keep the mind in shape in the older days. Activities, such as reading, playing cards and board games and playing a musical instrument prevents dementia of both Alzheimer's and vascular dementia The risk decreases proportionally to the frequency of activity.
Not only activities during spare time seem to prevent dementia. What kind of occupation also matters, especially during the thirties, forties and fifties. A good job in this case is any mentally demanding one.
Why activity contributes to prevent dementia could be explained by a "brain reserve" built up by the brain; Additional connections between neurons are created, connections more resistant to the deterioration seen in dementia.
Physical activity
Since vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia (after Alzheimer's disease), decreasing risk factors for Cerebrovascular disease also decreases the risk factors for dementia. Thus, physical exercise, having good blood cholesterol, healthy Body weight and Blood pressure lowers the risk of developing dementia. An active lifestyle can almost halve the risk compared to a sedentary one.
The effect of physical activity isn't limited to vascular effects. For instance, it can give rise to new neurons in the brain, as well as releasing a substance that can protect them.
Furthermore, physical activity has many other Exercise benefits.
Diet
Obesity increases the risk of any dementia, but Alzheimer's in particular.
However, what kind of food eaten also matters. Fish consumtion reduces the risk of Alzheimer's. Fish is high in Docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, especially in cold water fish such as salmon, tuna and halibut.
Vegetables and nuts also benefit, because of their high content of polyunsaturated fats. Non-fish meat, on the other hand, increases the risk of Alzhemer's[1], by its high content of Saturated fat. The moderate consumption of alcohol may reduce risk through improving vascular health and other mechanisms.
However, there is no certain effect of eating antioxidants, such as beta carotene, Vitamin C or Vitamin D Antioxidants lowers the level of free radicals, and theoretically this could lower the risk of dementia by deceasing the damage on neurons caused by the free radicals.
Iron deficiency is another risk factor for dementia. A deficiency leads to insufficient amounts in the brain cells of heme, a molecule with iron as one of the components. In an attempt to compensate, the brain cells produce excess amounts of the other components. These components react with oxygen, creating free radicals which damage the neurons of the brain.
